As mobile networks grow, energy storage systems (BESS) at base stations ensure uninterrupted communication while improving efficiency and reducing costs.

1. System Architecture

A typical BESS includes lithium-ion battery packs, a Battery Management System (BMS), bidirectional inverters, and distribution units. Systems are sized for 3-hour backup, and remote monitoring platforms manage charge/discharge operations.

2. How It Works

Daily Cycle: Batteries charge during off-peak hours and discharge as needed; SOC is maintained at 20–90% for longer battery life.

Emergency Mode: If the grid fails, backup power activates within 200 ms, supporting critical equipment for 4–6 hours.

Smart O&M: IoT and AI monitor battery health and predict maintenance, automatically detecting common faults.

3. Benefits

Economic: Reduced electricity costs and revenue from demand response; payback period shortened from 5 to 3.8 years.

Social: Maintains communications during outages and reduces CO₂ emissions.

Technical: Improves base station efficiency (+18%), extends battery life (>6,000 cycles), and enables virtual power plant applications.

4. Future Trends

Next-generation storage (sodium-ion, digital twins) will boost energy density, reduce costs, and expand applications to IoT, connected vehicles, and industrial networks.

Conclusion

BESS strengthens network resilience, supports energy transition, and delivers measurable economic, social, and technical benefits. Its adoption is expected to grow rapidly with 5G and smart grid integration.